Org. Synth. 1948, 28, 70
DOI: 10.15227/orgsyn.028.0070
2-HYDROXYCINCHONINIC ACID
[Cinchoninic acid, 2-hydroxy-]
Submitted by Thomas L. Jacobs, S. Winstein, Gustave B. Linden, Jean H. Robson, Edward F. Levy, and Dexter Seymour
1.
Checked by R. T. Arnold and F. M. Robinson.
1. Procedure
A. N-Acetylisatin. In a 3-l. three-necked flask equipped with a mercury-sealed stirrer and reflux condenser are placed 600 g. (4.1 moles) of isatin (Note 1) and 1390 ml. (14.7 moles) of acetic anhydride (Note 2). This mixture is refluxed for 4 hours over a free flame with constant stirring. The solution is allowed to cool slowly to room temperature with stirring and is then cooled to about 10° (Note 3). The slurry of crystals is collected on a 12-in. Büchner funnel and washed with five 175-ml. portions of ether or until the washings are light red. The yield of crude air-dried N-acetylisatin, m.p. 141–142° (cor.), is 635 to 643 g. (82–83%) (Note 4).
B. 2-Hydroxycinchoninic acid. To a solution of 160 g. (about 3.8 moles) of U.S.P. sodium hydroxide in 9.6 l. of water in a 12-l. flask is added 310 g. (1.64 moles) of crude N-acetylisatin. The mixture is stirred mechanically and heated to boiling; the flame is adjusted to maintain gentle boiling. After the mixture has boiled 1 hour (Note 5) the flame is removed, 50 g. of decolorizing carbon is added cautiously (vigorous boiling and frothing may occur if the solution is too hot), and the suspension is stirred for 30 minutes. The charcoal is allowed to settle for a few minutes, and the solution is siphoned into a filter funnel containing a layer of Supercel. The filtrate is allowed to cool overnight in a 5-gal. crock. The solution is stirred with a hook-type stirrer driven by a powerful motor (Note 6), and 6 N hydrochloric acid is added until the mixture is neutral to Congo red. The suspension is filtered immediately (Note 7) through a 12-in. Büchner funnel, and the solid is washed with 2 l. of water. The filtrate is made distinctly acid to Congo red and set aside for a few hours. The solid acid is dried at 90° for 2 days; the anhydrous acid, m.p. 346–347° (cor.), so obtained has the correct neutral equivalent (Note 8) and weighs 200 to 205 g. (70–73% over-all yield, based on isatin consumed). From the acidified filtrate, after precipitation is complete, about 60 g. of isatin is recovered.
2. Notes
1.
Commercial isatin, m.p. 199.0–200.5° (cor.), was obtained from the National Aniline and Chemical Company.
2.
Acetic anhydride obtained from the Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Corporation was employed. Redistillation of this reagent did not increase the yield.
3.
If the solution is not stirred during the cooling, the product crystallizes as a solid cake which is difficult to remove from the flask.
4.
Recrystallization from
benzene, unnecessary for the present purpose, gives a yellow crystalline product of m.p.
142.0–143.5° (cor.).
5.
It is convenient to make two of these runs simultaneously. A
reflux condenser is unnecessary, but if none is used the stopper holding the stirrer must be provided with a vent to permit steam to escape.
6.
The ordinary small laboratory stirring motor is insufficiently powerful to maintain rapid agitation after most of the cinchoninic acid has precipitated.
7.
If the mixture is not filtered immediately after acidification, or if the first end point is overrun,
isatin is precipitated along with the cinchoninic acid and the product has a deep red color. Such material can be freed of
isatin by dissolving it in
sodium bicarbonate solution, filtering, and reprecipitating.
8.
This crude acid, which is satisfactory for most purposes, can be recrystallized from glacial
acetic acid to yield a product melting at
352–353° (cor.).
3. Discussion
2-Hydroxycinchoninic acid has been prepared by the rearangement of
N-acetylisatin in alkali,
2,3,4 by the treatment of
isatin with
malonic acid in glacial
acetic acid,
5 by heating
cinchoninic acid with concentrated
potassium hydroxide,
6 and by the treatment of
ethyl 2-chlorocinchoninate with
30% sodium hydroxide.
7
Appendix
Chemical Abstracts Nomenclature (Collective Index Number);
(Registry Number)
hydrochloric acid (7647-01-0)
acetic acid (64-19-7)
Benzene (71-43-2)
ether (60-29-7)
acetic anhydride (108-24-7)
sodium hydroxide (1310-73-2)
sodium bicarbonate (144-55-8)
decolorizing carbon (7782-42-5)
potassium hydroxide (1310-58-3)
Isatin (91-56-5)
Malonic acid (141-82-2)
2-Hydroxycinchoninic acid,
Cinchoninic acid, 2-hydroxy- (15733-89-8)
N-Acetylisatin (574-17-4)
cinchoninic acid (486-74-8)
ethyl 2-chlorocinchoninate
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