Org. Synth. 1931, 11, 26
DOI: 10.15227/orgsyn.011.0026
β-CHLOROPROPIONALDEHYDE ACETAL
[Propionaldehyde, β-chloro-, diethyl acetal]
Submitted by E. J. Witzemann, Wm. Lloyd Evans, Henry Hass, and E. F. Schroeder.
Checked by Frank C. Whitmore and Harry T. Neher.
1. Procedure
In a
3-l. round-bottomed flask, fitted with a
mechanical stirrer and an
inlet tube, is placed
200 g. (253 cc.) of absolute alcohol (Note 1). The flask is surrounded by an
ice-salt bath, and the alcohol is saturated with dry
hydrogen chloride at 0°. The stem of a
200-cc. separatory funnel is fitted to a
one-holed stopper inside a large short-stemmed funnel (Fig. 6). The space between the funnels is filled with finely cracked ice and water. In the separatory funnel is placed
112 g. (2 moles) of cold acrolein (Org. Syn. Coll. Vol. I, 1941, 15) (Note 2).
Fig. 6
When the alcohol is saturated with hydrogen chloride, the generator is disconnected and the stem of the separatory funnel is connected to the inlet tube by a rubber tube provided with a screw clamp for adjusting the flow. The acrolein is added, with stirring, to the alcoholic hydrogen chloride solution at about 0°. The addition should require from one to two hours. After two layers have formed, the lower layer of acetal is separated and treated gradually with powdered sodium bicarbonate until all acid is neutralized (Note 3). The mixture is filtered. The filtrate is washed with two 50-cc. portions of ice water and dried over 10 g. of potassium carbonate for five to ten hours (Note 4). It is then filtered and distilled under reduced pressure. The yield of product boiling at 58–62°/8 mm. is 112 g. (34 per cent of the theoretical amount).
2. Notes
2.
If the
acrolein is not kept cold, the vapors become unbearable. The stopper of the separatory funnel should be provided with a fine
glass capillary.
3.
All acid must be removed before washing the product with water, because dilute acid hydrolyzes the acetal very readily.
4.
It is recommended that the ice water be prepared from distilled water as the impurities in some samples of tap water lead to decomposition of the acetal. (Private communication from C. F. H. Allen.)
3. Discussion
β-Chloropropionaldehyde acetal has been prepared by the action of
acrolein on alcoholic
hydrogen chloride alone,
1 or in the presence of
calcium chloride.
2
This preparation is referenced from:
Appendix
Chemical Abstracts Nomenclature (Collective Index Number);
(Registry Number)
alcohol (64-17-5)
calcium chloride (10043-52-4)
potassium carbonate (584-08-7)
hydrogen chloride (7647-01-0)
Acrolein (107-02-8)
sodium bicarbonate (144-55-8)
β-chloropropionaldehyde acetal (35573-93-4)
Propionaldehyde, β-chloro-, diethyl acetal
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