Org. Synth. 1958, 38, 8
DOI: 10.15227/orgsyn.038.0008
4-BROMO-2-HEPTENE
[2-Heptene, 4-bromo-]
Submitted by F. L. Greenwood, M. D. Kellert, and J. Sedlak
1.
Checked by John D. Roberts and A. T. Bottini.
1. Procedure
In a 500-ml. round-bottomed flask fitted with a stirrer, nitrogen inlet tube, and reflux condenser are placed 40 g. (0.41 mole) of 2-heptene, 48.1 g. (0.27 mole) of N-bromosuccinimide, 0.2 g. of benzoyl peroxide, and 250 ml. of carbon tetrachloride (Note 1). The reaction mixture is stirred and heated under reflux in a nitrogen atmosphere for 2 hours (Note 2). The succinimide is removed by suction filtration, washed twice with 15-ml. portions of carbon tetrachloride and the carbon tetrachloride washings are combined with the filtrate (Note 3). The carbon tetrachloride solution is transferred to a 500-ml. Claisen flask modified so that the distilling arm carries a 25 × 300 mm. section packed with glass helices. The capillary is attached to a source of nitrogen and the carbon tetrachloride removed at 36–38°/190 mm. (Note 4).
The residue is transferred to a 125-ml. Claisen flask modified so that the distilling arm carries an 18 × 180 mm. section packed with glass helices. Nitrogen is led into the capillary, and, after a forerun of 1–3 g., there is collected 28–31 g. (58–64%) of 4-bromo-2-heptene, b.p. 70–71°/32 mm., n25D 1.4710–1.4715 (Note 5). A residue of 7–10 g. remains in the distilling flask (Note 6).
2. Notes
1.
The
2-heptene was the pure grade material purchased from Phillips Petroleum Company, Bartlesville, Oklahoma. This olefin is comparable to material prepared by a Boord synthesis. The
N-bromosuccinimide was obtained from Arapahoe Chemicals, Inc., Boulder, Colorado. The
benzoyl peroxide was used as received from Distillation Products, Rochester, New York. The
carbon tetrachloride was reagent grade, from J. T. Baker Chemical Company, Phillipsburg, New Jersey.
2.
The reaction is not rapid, and
benzoyl peroxide is necessary to effect reaction. Longer reflux times lead to darkening of the reaction mixture.
3.
The
succinimide recovered corresponded to
97–98% of the theoretical amount and analyzed for 0.4% active
bromine.
4.
Removal of the
carbon tetrachloride at a lower pressure results in loss of product. Distillation at a pressure much above 200 mm. causes considerable darkening of the liquid.
Carbon tetrachloride removed at the higher pressure gives no precipitate with aqueous
silver nitrate; this indicates the absence of product.
5.
When first distilled, the product is nearly colorless. On standing under
nitrogen in the refrigerator for several days, the material acquires a pale yellow color. Evidence for the identity of the product as
4-bromo-2-heptene is outlined in Reference
2.
6.
This includes the liquid wetting the helices as well as the small amount of dark residue in the flask.
3. Discussion
Ziegler and coworkers
3 indicated that allylic methylene groups undergo
bromine substitution more readily than allylic methyl groups. This has been shown
2 to be true, and the treatment of
2-heptene with
N-bromosuccinimide gives rise to
4-bromo-2-heptene.
Appendix
Chemical Abstracts Nomenclature (Collective Index Number);
(Registry Number)
silver nitrate (7761-88-8)
bromine (7726-95-6)
carbon tetrachloride (56-23-5)
nitrogen (7727-37-9)
benzoyl peroxide (94-36-0)
Succinimide (123-56-8)
N-bromosuccinimide (128-08-5)
4-Bromo-2-heptene,
2-Heptene, 4-bromo- (22118-57-6)
2-heptene
Copyright © 1921-, Organic Syntheses, Inc. All Rights Reserved