Org. Synth. 1956, 36, 14
DOI: 10.15227/orgsyn.036.0014
CYCLODECANONE
Submitted by Arthur C. Cope, John W. Barthel, and Ronald Dean Smith
1.
Checked by N. J. Leonard and J. C. Little.
1. Procedure
A
1-l. round-bottomed three-necked flask is fitted with a sealed stirrer (Note 1), a
dropping funnel, and a
reflux condenser, through which a
thermometer extends nearly to the bottom of the flask. In the flask are thoroughly mixed
40.5 g. (0.62 g. atom) of zinc dust (Note 2) and
100 ml. of glacial acetic acid, and to this mixture is added
42.5 g. (0.25 mole) of sebacoin (p.840) (Note 3). The mixture is stirred rapidly, and
90 ml. of concentrated C.P. hydrochloric acid is added dropwise during a period of 5 to 10 minutes, or as fast as control of foaming and temperature permits. The temperature must be kept between 75 and 80°
(Note 4), and cooling by a
water bath may be necessary during the addition of the
hydrochloric acid. Stirring is continued for 1.5 hours at 75–80°. Thirty minutes after the initial addition of
hydrochloric acid, and again 30 minutes later,
90-ml. portions of concentrated hydrochloric acid are added to the mixture while the temperature is maintained at 75–80°. After the reaction is complete, the remaining
zinc is separated from the cooled mixture by decantation
(Note 5). The liquid phase is diluted with
700 ml. of saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution and extracted with four
250-ml. portions of ether, each of which is first used to wash the residual
zinc (Note 6). The
ether extracts are combined and washed with
250 ml. of saturated sodium chloride solution, three
250-ml. portions of 10% sodium carbonate solution (foaming!), and finally
250 ml. of saturated sodium chloride solution. The ethereal solution is dried over
anhydrous magnesium sulfate (about 25 g. is needed). After the drying agent has been removed by filtration and the solvent by distillation, the residue is distilled at reduced pressure through an
efficient column (Note 7). After a small fore-run consisting mostly of
cyclodecane, cyclodecanone is collected at
99–101°/8 mm. The yield is
29–30 g. (
75–78%),
n25D 1.4808–1.4810
(Note 8).
2. Notes
1.
A metal stirrer must not be used. A simple glass stirrer with a ball-joint seal is satisfactory.
2.
Mallinckrodt technical grade may be used.
2 If
Mallinckrodt analytical reagent zinc dust is used, the reaction temperature must be maintained at 50–55° instead of 75–80°.
3.
Pure
sebacoin gives a colorless product. A
sebacoin-sebacil mixture must first be purified by recrystallization from
pentane as described
(p.841). The
sebacil apparently is not reduced completely according to the accompanying directions and thus may contaminate the product
(Note 7).
4.
The reaction temperature is important. At temperatures below 75° some
sebacoin remains unreduced, while at temperatures above 80° considerable
cyclodecane is formed. The submitters report that the reaction run at the reflux temperature gives
cyclodecanone in
27% yield and
cyclodecane in
32% yield.
5.
The product should be isolated and distilled as quickly as possible inasmuch as the unreacted
sebacoin is readily oxidized to
sebacil, which cannot be separated from the
cyclodecanone by simple distillation.
6.
The residual
zinc may be pyrophoric.
7.
For efficient separation of
cyclodecanone from
cyclodecane, a
60-cm. column of the simple Podbielniak type3 may be used. Removal of
sebacil cannot be accomplished readily by fractional distillation, since
cyclodecanone and
sebacil have virtually identical boiling points.
8.
Cyclodecanone regenerated from its semicarbazone, m.p.
203.5–205.5°, has
n25D 1.4806.
3. Discussion
The procedure described is a modification of the directions of Prelog, Frenkiel, Kobelt, and Barman.
4 Cyclodecanone has been prepared by the dehydration of
sebacoin followed by catalytic hydrogenation,
5 by the pyrolysis of the
thorium or yttrium salt of nonane-1,9-dicarboxylic acid,
6 and by the ring enlargement of
cyclononanone,
7 as well as by the reduction of
sebacoin.
8
This preparation is referenced from:
Appendix
Chemical Abstracts Nomenclature (Collective Index Number);
(Registry Number)
Sebacoin
sebacoin-sebacil
thorium or yttrium salt of nonane-1,9-dicarboxylic acid
hydrochloric acid (7647-01-0)
acetic acid (64-19-7)
ether (60-29-7)
sodium chloride (7647-14-5)
sodium carbonate (497-19-8)
zinc (7440-66-6)
Pentane (109-66-0)
magnesium sulfate (7487-88-9)
Cyclodecanone (1502-06-3)
cyclodecane (293-96-9)
cyclononanone (3350-30-9)
Sebacil (96-01-5)
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