Org. Synth. 1951, 31, 31
DOI: 10.15227/orgsyn.031.0031
1,6-DIIODOHEXANE
[Hexane, 1,6-diiodo-]
Submitted by Herman Stone and Harold Shechter
1.
Checked by T. L. Cairns, B. C. McKusick, and G. V. Mock.
1. Procedure
In a 1-l. three-necked flask, equipped with a short reflux condenser, a sealed mechanical Hershberg stirrer, and a thermometer, is placed 65 g. (0.46 mole) of phosphoric anhydride, and 231 g. of 85% orthophosphoric acid (135 ml., 2 moles) is added (Note 1). After the stirred mixture has cooled to room temperature, 332 g. (2 moles) of potassium iodide and 59 g. (0.5 mole) of recrystallized 1,6-hexanediol (Note 2), (Note 3), and (Note 4) are added. The mixture is stirred and heated at 100–120° for 3–5 hours, during which time the homogeneous solution separates into two phases, and finally a dense oil settles through the acid layer. The stirred mixture is cooled to room temperature, and 150 ml. of water and 250 ml. of ether are added (Note 5). The ether layer is separated, decolorized by shaking with 50 ml. of 10% sodium thiosulfate solution, washed with 200 ml. of cold saturated sodium chloride solution, and dried with 50 g. of anhydrous sodium sulfate. The ether is removed by distillation on a steam bath, and the product is distilled from a modified Claisen flask under reduced pressure. The fraction boiling at 123–128°/4 mm. is collected. The yield of 1,6-diiodohexane is 140–144 g. (83–85%), nD15 1.585, m.p. 10° (Note 6) and (Note 7).
2. Notes
1.
The specified mixture of commercial
85% orthophosphoric acid and phosphoric anhydride corresponds to
95% orthophosphoric acid. Ninety-five per cent
orthophosphoric acid is recommended for this reaction. If
85% orthophosphoric acid is used, the reaction proceeds more slowly and the yield is reduced.
2.
1,6-Hexanediol,
2 m.p.
40–41°, was prepared by catalytic reduction of
diethyl adipate with
hydrogen over
copper chromite catalyst. It can also be purchased from Columbia Organic Chemicals Company, Inc.3.
The solution must be cool before the
potassium iodide is added to avoid the evolution of
hydrogen iodide and formation of
iodine. After the
1,6-hexanediol has been added, the mixture can be heated as desired since the
hydrogen iodide reacts as rapidly as it is formed.
4.
This procedure has been used successfully for conversion of various aliphatic and alicyclic alcohols to the corresponding iodides. Yields of iodides from
1-propanol,
2-methyl-1-propanol,
2-methyl-2-propanol, and
cyclohexanol were 95, 88, 90, and 79.5%, respectively.
5.
Usually one extraction of the reaction product with
ether is sufficient to remove the color from the acid layer.
6.
Slightly yellow
1,6-diiodohexane crystallizes as white needles when cooled in an ice-water mixture. The addition of a few drops of
mercury to the yellow product produces a nearly colorless liquid.
7.
The submitters reported yields of
93–95% and a melting point of
8.5–9.0°.
3. Discussion
1,6-Diiodohexane has been prepared in
73% yield by the reaction of
1,6-hexanediol,
red phosphorus, and
iodine.
3 It has also been prepared by reactions of
hydrogen iodide and
1,6-diphenoxyhexane4 and
1,6-diethoxyhexane,
5 respectively. Physical constants have been reported by Dionneau.
6 The method described here has been published.
7
This preparation is referenced from:
Appendix
Chemical Abstracts Nomenclature (Collective Index Number);
(Registry Number)
red phosphorus
ether (60-29-7)
hydrogen (1333-74-0)
Cyclohexanol (108-93-0)
sodium chloride (7647-14-5)
sodium sulfate (7757-82-6)
potassium iodide (7681-11-0)
sodium thiosulfate (7772-98-7)
mercury (7439-97-6)
iodine (7553-56-2)
orthophosphoric acid (7664-38-2)
1-propanol (71-23-8)
hydrogen iodide (10034-85-2)
2-methyl-1-propanol (78-83-1)
COPPER CHROMITE
1,6-Hexanediol (629-11-8)
diethyl adipate (141-28-6)
1,6-Diiodohexane,
Hexane, 1,6-diiodo- (629-09-4)
phosphoric anhydride (2466-09-3)
2-methyl-2-propanol (75-65-0)
1,6-diphenoxyhexane (10125-18-5)
1,6-diethoxyhexane
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