Org. Synth. 1969, 49, 30
DOI: 10.15227/orgsyn.049.0030
cis-CYCLODODECENE
Submitted by Masaji Ohno and Masaru Okamoto
1.
Checked by Frederick J. Sauter and Herbert O. House.
1. Procedure
In a
2-l., three-necked, round-bottomed flask equipped with a
mechanical stirrer, an
efficient condenser, and an
air inlet tube (Note 1) are placed
60.0 g. (0.370 mole) of cis,trans,trans-1,5,9-cyclododecatriene (Note 2),
224.4 g. (7.00 moles) of 95% hydrazine (Note 3),
350 ml. of 95% ethanol, and
3.0 g. (0.012 mole) of copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate (Note 4). Air is bubbled through the reaction mixture
(Note 5) with vigorous stirring for 8–12 hours or longer until the reaction mixture contains primarily the desired
cis-monoolefin (Note 6). During the early stages in the reaction a considerable amount of heat is generated and the temperature of the reaction mixture rises to 50–60°.
2When the reaction has progressed to the desired stage (Note 6), the flow of air is stopped and the mixture is filtered. After the filtrate has been extracted with two 350-ml. portions of petroleum ether (b.p. 30–60°), the combined hydrocarbon extracts are washed successively with two 100-ml. portions of 2N hydrochloric acid and three 100-ml. portions of water. The petroleum ether is distilled from the solution, heated in a water bath, through a 60-cm. Vigreux column, and the residual liquid is distilled under reduced pressure. The fraction, b.p. 64–65° (1.0 mm.) or 132–134° (35 mm.), is collected as 39.5–52.0 g. (64–85%) of colorless liquid, n25D 1.4846–1.4850. This distillation fraction contains (Note 6) 80–90% of the cis-cyclododecene (51–76%) accompanied by 10–20% of a mixture of cyclododecane and cis,trans-1,5-cyclododecadiene (Note 7). If desired, the cis-cyclododecene may be further purified by preparative chromatography or separation of the silver nitrate-olefin addition complex (Note 8).
2. Notes
1.
An air inlet tube with a
sintered-glass disk or cylinder at the end immersed in the solution is recommended.
2.
The submitters used material available from Hüls Company in Germany. This material was contaminated with 1–3% of the more easily reduced
trans,trans,trans-1,5,9-cyclododecatriene. The checkers purchased the starting triene from Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc. The gas chromatogram (see
(Note 6)) of this material exhibited no peak corresponding to the all-
trans-triene, an indication that less than 1% of this contaminant was present.
3.
The submitters had specified the use of either
hydrazine hydrate (aqueous
85% hydrazine) or aqueous
80% hydrazine. The checkers observed only partial reduction of the triene and intermediate diene under these conditions, apparently because sufficient water was present in the reaction mixture to prevent adequate partitioning of the olefins between the hydrocarbon layer and the aqueous ethanolic layer containing the diimide. The checkers avoided this difficulty by use of
hydrazine containing less than 5% water
(95+ % hydrazine) available from Olin Mathieson Chemical Company or from Eastman Organic Chemicals. This difficulty could probably also be avoided by use of absolute
ethanol rather than
95% ethanol.
4.
Copper(II) acetate can also be used.
5.
The rate of air flow, measured with a
precalibrated mercury flow meter in the gas inlet tube, was adjusted to 400–450 ml. per minute.
6.
In order to stop the reaction when the amount of monoolefinic product in the reaction mixture is highest, aliquots of the reaction mixture are removed at intervals and analyzed by infrared spectrometry or by gas chromatography. In the infrared spectrum the relative intensities of bands at 965 cm.
−1 (
trans- CH=CH) and 702 cm.
−1 (
cis-CH=CH) are observed in successive aliquots. The reaction is stopped when the band at 965 cm.
−1, attributable to the
trans double bonds of the starting triene, has almost completely disappeared and the band at 702 cm.
−1 (
cis-olefin) remains.
Gas chromatographic analyses are obtained at about 120° with a 2 m. × 7 mm. column packed with a suspension of 5% (by weight) of silver nitrate and 15% (by weight) of Carbowax 6000 (polyethylene glycol) on either Chromosorb P or Celite 545. With this column the relative retention times of the various possible components in the reaction mixture are: cyclododecane, 1.00; trans,trans,trans-1,5,9-cyclododecatriene, 1.20; trans-cyclododecene, 1.13; cis-cyclododecene, 1.33; cis,trans-1,5-cyclododecadiene, 1.51; cis,trans-trans-1,5,9-cyclododecatriene, 1.72. The reaction should be stopped when the rate of reduction of cis,trans-1,5-cyclododecadiene to cis-cyclododecene has become approximately equal to the rate of conversion of the cis-monoolefin to cyclododecane.
7.
The submitters reported obtaining a product after a 60–72 hour reaction period which contained 91%–95% of the
cis-monoolefin and 5–9% of
cyclododecane with no
trans-monoolefin being detected. The checkers found the maximum amount of
cis-monoolefin was present in the reaction mixture after a reaction period of 8–12 hours. At this time the resulting distilled product had the approximate composition:
cyclododecane, 8%;
trans-cyclododecene, 3%;
cis-cyclododecene, 80%; and
cis,trans-1,5-cyclododecadiene, 9%. The use of longer reaction times resulted in the further reduction of the
cis-monoolefin to
cyclododecane more rapidly than it was produced from the residual
cis,trans-diene.
8.
The conversion of the
cis-monoolefin to its
silver nitrate complex
3 was accomplished by adding 1.66 g. (0.010 mole) of the distilled reaction product to a solution of
1.70 g. (0.010 mole) of silver nitrate in
50 ml. of boiling methanol. The resulting solution, when cooled, deposited the complex as white needles, m.p.
79° dec.; recrystallization from
methanol separated
1.0 g. of the complex, m.p.
80° dec. After this complex had been partitioned between water and
ether, the
ether phase was separated, dried over
magnesium sulfate, and concentrated. Distillation of the residual liquid in a short path still separated
0.45 g. of the pure
(Note 6) cis-cyclodecene, b.p.
70° (1.0 mm.),
n25D 1.4852.
3. Discussion
Cyclododecene may be prepared from
1,5,9-cyclododecatriene by the catalytic reduction with
Raney nickel and
hydrogen diluted with
nitrogen,
4 with
nickel sulfide on
alumina,
5 with
cobalt,
iron, or
nickel in the presence of
thiophene,
6 with
palladium on
charcoal,
7 with
palladium chloride in the presence of water,
8 with
palladium on
barium sulfate,
9 with
cobalt acetate in the presence of
cobalt carbonyl,
10 and with
cobalt carbonyl and
tri-n-butyl phosphine.
11 It may also be obtained from the triene by reduction with
lithium and
ethylamine,
12 by disproportionation,
13,14 by epoxidation followed by isomerization to a ketone and Wolff-Kishner reduction,
15 and from
cyclododecanone by the reaction of its hydrazone with
sodium hydride.
16
These methods generally afford a mixture of
cis- and trans-cyclododecene.
cis-Cyclododecene has also been prepared by the reduction of
cyclododecyne with Lindlar catalyst,
17,3 and from
1,5-cyclododecadiene18 or from
1,2-dichlorocyclododecane.
19 The
cis-olefin is usually obtained as a minor product from the Hofmann degradation of
cyclododecyltrimethylammonium hydroxide17 and from the pyrolysis of
cyclododecyl acetate.
The procedure described is based on the selective reduction with diimide described by Ohno and Okamoto
2 and by Nozaki and Noyori.
20 It illustrates the generation of diimide from the air oxidation of
hydrazine and the use of diimide for the selective reduction of the
trans double bond in
cis,trans,trans-1,5,9-cyclododecatriene, the product of trimerization of
butadiene.
21The use of diimide provides a particularly convenient and general method for the selective reduction of
trans double bonds of medium ring systems.
22 The
cis-cyclododecene produced in this selective reduction is thermodynamically less stable than the corresponding
trans-isomer.
23
Appendix
Chemical Abstracts Nomenclature (Collective Index Number);
(Registry Number)
alumina
petroleum ether
cis-monoolefin
silver nitrate-olefin
trans-monoolefin
cis-olefin
ethanol (64-17-5)
hydrochloric acid (7647-01-0)
methanol (67-56-1)
ether (60-29-7)
hydrogen (1333-74-0)
iron (7439-89-6)
silver nitrate (7761-88-8)
nitrogen (7727-37-9)
nickel,
Raney nickel (7440-02-0)
barium sulfate (7727-43-7)
charcoal (7782-42-5)
palladium (7440-05-3)
Copper(II) acetate (142-71-2)
hydrazine hydrate (7803-57-8)
hydrazine (302-01-2)
palladium chloride (7647-10-1)
Thiophene (110-02-1)
lithium (7439-93-2)
magnesium sulfate (7487-88-9)
butadiene (106-99-0)
copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate (7758-99-8)
sodium hydride (7646-69-7)
cobalt (7440-48-4)
ethylamine (75-04-7)
cyclododecanone (830-13-7)
cyclododecane (294-62-2)
Cyclododecene,
cis- and trans-cyclododecene (1501-82-2)
1,5,9-cyclododecatriene
nickel sulfide
cobalt acetate
cobalt carbonyl
cyclododecyne (1129-90-4)
1,5-cyclododecadiene
1,2-dichlorocyclododecane
cyclododecyltrimethylammonium hydroxide
cyclododecyl acetate
tri-n-butyl phosphine (998-40-3)
trans-Cyclododecene (1486-75-5)
cis-Cyclododecene (1129-89-1)
cis,trans,trans-1,5,9-cyclododecatriene,
cis,trans-trans-1,5,9-cyclododecatriene
cis,trans-1,5-cyclododecadiene
trans,trans,trans-1,5,9-cyclododecatriene (676-22-2)
cis-cyclodecene
Copyright © 1921-, Organic Syntheses, Inc. All Rights Reserved