Org. Synth. 1960, 40, 74
DOI: 10.15227/orgsyn.040.0074
N-β-NAPHTHYLPIPERIDINE
[Piperidine, 1-(2-naphthyl)-]
Submitted by J. F. Bunnett, T. K. Brotherton, and S. M. Williamson
1.
Checked by Virgil Boekelheide and F. Lind.
1. Procedure
A dry 1-l. three-necked round-bottomed flask is fitted in the center neck with a sweep-blade stirrer whose shaft passes through an airtight bearing (Note 1). One side neck is fitted with a condenser topped by a soda-lime drying tube, and the other is fitted with a solid stopper. In the flask are placed 75 ml. of piperidine (Note 2) and 15.6 g. (0.4 mole) of sodium amide (Note 3), and the mixture is heated at reflux (Note 4) for 15 minutes with good stirring. The mixture is cooled just below reflux temperature, and 46 g. (0.2 mole) of sodium β-naphthalenesulfonate (Note 5) is added, followed by an additional 75 ml. of piperidine. The mixture is then heated at reflux for 12 hours with stirring.
To the cooled reaction mixture, 200 ml. of water is added carefully with stirring. Potassium carbonate is added with continued stirring until the water layer is saturated; the mixture is now transferred to a separatory funnel and extracted three times with 60-ml. portions of ether. The combined ether extracts are dried over solid sodium hydroxide and are then transferred to a simple distillation apparatus. Distillation is commenced with a steam bath as source of heat; when most of the ether has been removed, the steam bath is replaced by a flame. Distillation is continued until most of the piperidine (b.p. 106°) has been removed. The cooled residue in the distillation flask is recrystallized from petroleum ether (boiling range 30–60°) with the use of charcoal. There is obtained 30.0 g. (71%) of N-β-naphthylpiperidine as tan crystals, m.p. 52–56°. An additional recrystallization from the same solvent gives crystals, m.p. 56–58°, with about 10% loss in weight (Note 6).
2. Notes
1.
The submitters used a
ball-joint bearing. A
mercury seal or a Trubore bearing should also suffice.
2.
Commercial
piperidine was purified by 6 hours' refluxing with
sodium metal followed by distillation from
sodium.
3.
Sodium amide from Farchan Research Laboratories, Cleveland, Ohio, was used.
4.
The submitters used an
electric heating mantle as a source of heat.
5.
Sodium β-naphthalenesulfonate, technical grade, from Matheson, Coleman and Bell was dried in an
oven and then used directly.
6.
The melting point of pure
β-naphthylpiperidine is
58–58.5°.
2,3 By the same procedure the submitters have obtained
N-phenylpiperidine (
94%) from
sodium benzenesulfonate and
N-α-naphthylpiperidine (
23%) from
sodium α-naphthalenesulfonate.
3. Discussion
N-β-Naphthylpiperidine has been prepared by the condensation of
β-bromonaphthalene2,3 or of
β-naphthol4 with
piperidine at elevated temperatures; from the action of
1,5-dibromopentane on
β-naphthylamine;
5 and from the action of the
sodium amidepiperidine reagent on each of the eight monohalonaphthalenes
3,6 or on
methyl β-naphthyl sulfone.
6 The present procedure is adapted from that of Brotherton and Bunnett.
7
Appendix
Chemical Abstracts Nomenclature (Collective Index Number);
(Registry Number)
petroleum ether
β-naphthylpiperidine
sodium amidepiperidine
potassium carbonate (584-08-7)
ether (60-29-7)
sodium hydroxide (1310-73-2)
β-naphthol (135-19-3)
Sodium Benzenesulfonate (515-42-4)
sodium (13966-32-0)
piperidine (110-89-4)
1,5-dibromopentane (111-24-0)
β-bromonaphthalene (580-13-2)
sodium α-naphthalenesulfonate (130-14-3)
sodium β-naphthalenesulfonate (532-02-5)
sodium amide (7782-92-5)
N-phenylpiperidine (4096-20-2)
β-naphthylamine (91-59-8)
N-β-Naphthylpiperidine,
Piperidine, 1-(2-naphthyl)- (5465-85-0)
N-α-naphthylpiperidine
methyl β-naphthyl sulfone
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