Org. Synth. 1934, 14, 38
DOI: 10.15227/orgsyn.014.0038
ETHYL ACETOSUCCINATE
[Succinic acid, acetyl-, diethyl ester]
Submitted by Homer Adkins, Neville Isbell, and Bruno Wojcik.
Checked by John R. Johnson and H. R. Snyder.
1. Procedure
In a
3-l. three-necked, round-bottomed flask, fitted with a
mechanical stirrer,
reflux condenser, and
separatory funnel, is placed
400 cc. of absolute alcohol (Note 1). Through the condenser tube is added slowly
23 g. (1 gram atom) of clean sodium cut into thin slices. The completion of the reaction is hastened by heating the flask on a
steam bath. When the
sodium has dissolved completely,
143 g. (1.1 moles) of ethyl acetoacetate (Org. Syn. Coll. Vol. I, 1941, 235) is introduced slowly. After the mechanical stirrer is started,
123 g. (1 mole) of ethyl chloroacetate (Note 2) is added slowly over a period of an hour, and the reaction mixture is refluxed for five to six hours. At this point the reaction mixture should no longer give an alkaline reaction with moist litmus.
After cooling, the precipitated sodium chloride is removed by filtering with suction and is washed with two 50-cc. portions of absolute alcohol. The alcohol is removed by distilling through a short column from a steam bath. The residue is filtered and transferred to a round-bottomed flask and is fractionated under reduced pressure through a Widmer column containing an 8-cm. spiral (Note 3). The fraction boiling at 121–124°/5 mm. is collected. The yield is 121–134 g. (56–62 per cent of the theoretical amount) (Note 4).
2. Notes
1.
A good grade of absolute
alcohol is required. For this purpose ordinary absolute
alcohol may be dried by treating with a little
sodium, adding a few cubic centimeters of
ethyl succinate, and distilling directly into the reaction flask (see
Note 1, p. 155, and
Org. Syn. Coll. Vol. I, 1941, 259).
2.
Ethyl chloroacetate boiling at
142–145° was used. This ester can be prepared readily by refluxing for six hours a mixture of
200 g. of chloroacetic acid,
120 g. ofabsolute alcohol, and
25 g. of concentrated sulfuric acid.
1 The product is purified in the conventional way, and the yield is
185 g. (
70 per cent of the theoretical amount).
3.
It is advantageous to use an
electrically heated column for this fractionation. The principal by-product of the reaction is
ethyl β-acetotricarballylate2 (b.p. 190°/16 mm.), formed by further action of
ethyl chloroacetate upon the initial product.
4.
Ethyl α-acetoglutarate may be prepared in a similar way by using
181 g. (1 mole) of ethyl β-bromopropionate (Org. Syn. Coll. Vol. I, 1941, 246) instead of
ethyl chloroacetate. The product is collected at
132–134°/4 mm. and weighs
120 g. (
52 per cent of the theoretical amount).
3. Discussion
Ethyl acetosuccinate has been prepared by the interaction of
ethyl sodioacetoacetate and
ethyl chloroacetate1 or
bromoacetate.
2 The method given above is a modification
3 of that given by Conrad.
1
This preparation is referenced from:
Appendix
Chemical Abstracts Nomenclature (Collective Index Number);
(Registry Number)
alcohol (64-17-5)
sulfuric acid (7664-93-9)
ethyl succinate
sodium chloride (7647-14-5)
chloroacetic acid (79-11-8)
sodium (13966-32-0)
Ethyl chloroacetate (105-39-5)
Ethyl acetoacetate (141-97-9)
Ethyl β-bromopropionate (539-74-2)
Ethyl acetosuccinate
Succinic acid, acetyl-, diethyl ester (1115-30-6)
ethyl β-acetotricarballylate
Ethyl α-acetoglutarate
ethyl sodioacetoacetate
bromoacetate (79-08-3)
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