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Org. Synth. 1937, 17, 58
DOI: 10.15227/orgsyn.017.0058
unsym.-HEPTACHLOROPROPANE
[Propane, 1,1,1,2,2,3,3-heptachloro-]
Submitted by Mark W. Farlow
Checked by Frank C. Whitmore and F. W. Breuer.
1. Procedure
In a 1-l. round-bottomed flask, equipped with a reflux condenser carrying a calcium chloride tube, are placed 166 g. (103 cc., 1 mole) of technical tetrachloroethylene, 300 g. (200 cc., 2.5 moles) of dry chloroform, and 27 g. (0.2 mole) of anhydrous aluminum chloride. The mixture is refluxed gently on the steam bath for fifteen hours (Note 1), cooled to room temperature, and poured into a 1-l. separatory funnel half filled with crushed ice. The organic layer is washed several times with water and dried over calcium chloride or soluble anhydrite. By fractionation at atmospheric pressure through an efficient column, 160–165 g. of chloroform is recovered. Distillation of the unsym.-heptachloropropane fraction at diminished pressure gives material boiling at 110–113°/10 mm., or 137–140°/32 mm., and melting at 29–30°. The yield is 250–266 g. (88–93 per cent of the theoretical amount) (Note 2).
2. Notes
1. A small amount of hydrogen chloride is evolved in the initial stages of the reaction.
2. According to Prins1 the heptachloropropane can be isolated easily by pouring the reaction mixture into water and removing the unreacted materials by steam distillation. The process is stopped when the product begins to distil, and on cooling the residue is obtained as a colorless solid of the correct melting point.
3. Discussion
The method is essentially that discovered by Böeseken and Prins2 and studied further by Prins.1, 3 Pentachloroethane can be used in place of tetrachloroethylene, as it is converted into the unsaturated compound in the presence of aluminum chloride. unsym.-Heptachloropropane has been obtained also by the action of phosphorus pentachloride on pentachloroacetone,4 and by treating dichloroacetyl chloride with aluminum chloride.5

References and Notes
  1. Prins, Rec. trav. chim. 54, 249 (1935).
  2. Böeseken and Prins, Chem. Zentr. 1911, I, 466.
  3. Prins, J. prakt. Chem. (2) 89, 414 (1914).
  4. Fritsch, Ann. 297, 312 (1897).
  5. Böeseken, Rec. trav. chim. 29, 109 (1910).

Appendix
Chemical Abstracts Nomenclature (Collective Index Number);
(Registry Number)

unsym.-HEPTACHLOROPROPANE

calcium chloride (10043-52-4)

hydrogen chloride (7647-01-0)

phosphorus pentachloride (10026-13-8)

chloroform (67-66-3)

aluminum chloride (3495-54-3)

pentachloroethane (76-01-7)

HEPTACHLOROPROPANE,
Propane, 1,1,1,2,2,3,3-heptachloro- (594-89-8)

tetrachloroethylene (127-18-4)

pentachloroacetone (1768-31-6)

dichloroacetyl chloride (79-36-7)