Org. Synth. 1937, 17, 84
DOI: 10.15227/orgsyn.017.0084
TETRAMETHYLENE CHLOROHYDRIN
[1-Butanol, 4-chloro-]
Submitted by Donald Starr and R. M. Hixon.
Checked by John R. Johnson and H. B. Stevenson.
1. Procedure
A
500-cc. three-necked flask containing
114 g. (1.58 moles) of tetrahydrofuran (p. 566) is fitted with a
reflux condenser, a
thermometer dipping into the liquid, and a
bent glass tube arranged to introduce gaseous
hydrogen chloride (Note 1) near the bottom of the flask. The upper end of the reflux condenser is connected to a
150-cc. distilling flask cooled in an ice-salt mixture to trap material entrained by the
hydrogen chloride.
The tetrahydrofuran is heated to the boiling point (64–65°), and a slow stream of hydrogen chloride is bubbled into the liquid. As the reaction proceeds the temperature of the boiling liquid increases, slowly at first and then more rapidly, until it is above 100° (after about four hours' heating). At the end of about five hours the temperature remains practically constant in the range 103.5–105.5°, and the reaction is stopped. The light brown liquid is cooled, transferred to a 250-cc. Claisen flask having a 20-cm. fractionating side arm, and fractionated at reduced pressure, using a water aspirator. A large quantity of hydrogen chloride is evolved at the start of the distillation and a low pressure cannot be obtained until this has been removed. Throughout the fractionation a trap cooled to −15° in an ice-salt mixture is used to collect the recovered tetrahydrofuran.
After removal of a small amount of low-boiling material the main fraction distils in the range 80–90°/14 mm. or 65–75°/7 mm. (Note 2) and weighs 95–100 g. A small amount (5–10 g.) of high-boiling material remains. The crude product on refractionation yields 93–98 g. (54–57 per cent of the theoretical amount) of pure tetramethylene chlorohydrin boiling over a one-degree interval, 81–82°/14 mm. or 70–71°/7 mm. (Note 3) and (Note 4).
2. Notes
1.
Hydrogen chloride prepared by dropping concentrated
sulfuric acid into a mixture of
sodium chloride and concentrated hydrochloric acid may be used directly without drying.
2.
It has been reported
1 that
tetramethylene chlorohydrin undergoes loss of
hydrogen chloride when distilled at pressures appreciably above 15 mm. If an
oil pump is used for the distillation of the main fraction, it should be protected from
hydrogen chloride by means of
soda-lime towers.
3.
For recovery of
tetrahydrofuran, the condensate from the cooling traps and the low-boiling material from the fractionations are combined, cooled in an
ice bath, and treated carefully with
15–20 cc. of 40 per cent alkali. The upper layer is separated, dried with a little
calcium chloride, and distilled. The recovered
tetrahydrofuran, b.p.
64–67°, weighs
20–22 g. (
17–19 per cent of the original material). The residue (12–14 g.) remaining after distillation of the
tetrahydrofuran distils at
43–45°/10 mm. and is
tetramethylene dichloride.
4.
Tetramethylene chlorohydrin may be converted to the chlorobromide in excellent yields by the action of
phosphorus tribromide.
2
3. Discussion
Tetramethylene chlorohydrin has been prepared by the action of
thionyl chloride on
tetramethylene glycol in the presence of
pyridine,
1 and by the method described above.
2
Appendix
Chemical Abstracts Nomenclature (Collective Index Number);
(Registry Number)
calcium chloride (10043-52-4)
sulfuric acid (7664-93-9)
hydrogen chloride,
hydrochloric acid (7647-01-0)
thionyl chloride (7719-09-7)
sodium chloride (7647-14-5)
phosphorus tribromide (7789-60-8)
pyridine (110-86-1)
Tetrahydrofuran (109-99-9)
tetramethylene glycol
TETRAMETHYLENE CHLOROHYDRIN,
1-Butanol, 4-chloro- (928-51-8)
tetramethylene dichloride (110-56-5)
Copyright © 1921-, Organic Syntheses, Inc. All Rights Reserved