Org. Synth. 1931, 11, 94
DOI: 10.15227/orgsyn.011.0094
THIOBENZOPHENONE
[Benzophenone, thio-]
Submitted by H. Staudinger and H. Freudenberger.
Checked by Roger Adams and E. H. Woodruff.
1. Procedure
An alcoholic solution of sodium hydrosulfide is prepared by dissolving 4.6 g. (0.2 gram atom) of sodium in 150 cc. of absolute alcohol and saturating the solution with dry hydrogen sulfide.
A 3-l. three-necked flask is equipped with a reflux condenser, a mechanical stirrer, a dropping funnel, and a tube for introducing dry carbon dioxide. Twenty-five grams (0.11 mole) of benzophenone dichloride (Note 1) is put into the flask, the air in the flask is displaced by a stream of carbon dioxide, and the sodium hydrosulfide solution is added slowly (Note 2). A vigorous reaction, which must be controlled by cooling, takes place, and the reaction mixture becomes deep blue in color.
After the reaction mixture has stood for one-half hour, water is added and the solution is extracted with ether. The ether solution is dried over calcium chloride and the ether is distilled. The residue is distilled under reduced pressure in an atmosphere of carbon dioxide (Note 3). Thiobenzophenone boils at 174°/14 mm.; it distils as a blue oil which, if pure and dry, forms beautiful blue crystals on cooling. The yield of crude product is 10–12.5 g. (50–63 per cent of the theoretical amount) (Note 4).
This product is approximately 75 per cent pure and is purified further by recrystallization from petroleum ether (b.p. 70–90°). The yield of purified product melting at 53–54° is 8.4–9.9 g. (42–50 per cent of the theoretical amount).
For preservation, the thiobenzophenone is sealed in a glass tube with dry carbon dioxide and placed in the dark.
2. Notes
1.
The
benzophenone dichloride was prepared by heating equivalent molecular quantities of
benzophenone and
phosphorus pentachloride to 145–150° for two hours and then fractionating the mixture under reduced pressure. The product used for this preparation boiled at 201–202°/35 mm.
2.
It is necessary to have an excess of the chloride present at all times in order to prevent the formation of
dibenzohydryldisulfide, due to reduction of the thioketone with the hydrosulfide. If the chloride is added to the
sodium hydrosulfide solution, a
70 per cent yield of the pure disulfide is obtained and no thioketone is formed.
3.
All the operations in the purification should be done very quickly and out of contact with the air as much as possible.
4.
Larger runs using
100 g. of benzophenone dichloride gave the same percentage yields of product.
3. Discussion
Thiobenzophenone has been prepared by the action of
thiophosgene on
benzene in the presence of
aluminum chloride;
1 by the action of
phosphorus pentasulfide2 or
ethyl thioacetoacetate3 on
benzophenone; and by treating
benzophenone dichloride with alcoholic
potassium sulfide,
4 alcoholic
sodium hydrosulfide,
5 or
thioacetic acid.
6
This preparation is referenced from:
Appendix
Chemical Abstracts Nomenclature (Collective Index Number);
(Registry Number)
petroleum ether
dibenzohydryldisulfide
alcohol (64-17-5)
calcium chloride (10043-52-4)
Benzene (71-43-2)
ether (60-29-7)
phosphorus pentachloride (10026-13-8)
hydrogen sulfide (7783-06-4)
carbon dioxide (124-38-9)
aluminum chloride (3495-54-3)
Benzophenone (119-61-9)
sodium (13966-32-0)
benzophenone dichloride
Thiophosgene (463-71-8)
potassium sulfide (1312-73-8)
sodium hydrosulfide
Thiobenzophenone,
Benzophenone, thio- (1450-31-3)
phosphorus pentasulfide (1314-80-3)
ethyl thioacetoacetate
thioacetic acid (507-09-5)
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