Org. Synth. 1957, 37, 55
DOI: 10.15227/orgsyn.037.0055
4-HYDROXY-1-BUTANESULFONIC ACID SULTONE
[1-Butanesulfonic acid, 4-hydroxy-, δ-sultone]
Submitted by A. O. Snoddy
1
Checked by T. L. Cairns and W. R. Brasen.
1. Procedure
A mixture of 132.5 g. (1.05 moles) of sodium sulfite, 99.5 g. (0.5 mole) of bis-4-chlorobutyl ether (Note 1), and 450 ml. of water is placed in a creased 1-l. three-necked flask fitted with an efficient sealed stirrer and a reflux condenser. The third neck of the flask is closed with a stopper, and the mixture is heated and stirred vigorously under reflux until the ether has dissolved (Note 2). At the end of this time, heating is discontinued, and 60 ml. of concentrated C.P. hydrochloric acid is cautiously added to the solution. The mixture is then boiled with stirring until sulfur dioxide is no longer evolved. Solid barium chloride dihydrate (or a 10% aqueous solution of this salt) is added to the hot solution (Note 3) until all sulfate has been precipitated; then the barium sulfate is removed by suction filtration through a layer of filter aid.
The filtered solution is diluted to 21. with water and passed through a column of ion-exchange resin (Note 4) and (Note 5). A test portion of the effluent should yield no ash on evaporation and ignition of the residue. The column is washed with water until the effluent is no longer acid to litmus, and the washings are added to the original eluent. The total eluent is evaporated (Note 6) at reduced pressure (water aspirator) until the volume is about 250 ml.; then it is transferred to a 500-ml. pot which is equipped for vacuum distillation and attached to a short Vigreux column. After most of the remaining water and hydrochloric acid have been removed at the pressure obtainable with an aspirator, an oil pump is attached (Note 7), and the heating bath is cautiously raised to a temperature in the range 130–150°. The distillate is allowed to stand in a separatory funnel until the layers have separated (several hours may be required), then the crude sultone is withdrawn and distilled (Note 8) at reduced pressure. The yield of sultone, b.p. 134–136°/4 mm., is 99–109 g. (72–80%), nD25 1.4619–1.4625, d25 1.3347, m.p. 12.5–14.5°.
2. Notes
1.
Material supplied by Matheson, Coleman and Bell was used without purification.
2.
This reaction may be carried out under pressure in a rocking autoclave at 180° in about 8 hours. When it is carried out under reflux with vigorous stirring in a creased flask it is complete in about 20 hours, whereas 50–60 hours is required if an ordinary flask is used.
3.
Any sulfate ions resulting from oxidation of sulfite should be removed; otherwise they will be converted to
sulfuric acid in the subsequent procedure and destroy sultone. Ordinarily,
12–13 g. of barium chloride dihydrate is required. The end point of the addition is conveniently determined with
tetrahydroquinone indicator used in spot tests on
filter paper [cf.
Ind. Eng. Chem., Anal. Ed.,
9, 331 (1937)].
4.
Rohm & Haas Amberlite IR-120, which has been developed with 3
N hydrochloric acid and then washed free from chlorides with water, is used in the form of a column 6 cm. in diameter and 55 cm. in length. Such a column contains approximately 1.1 kg. of resin (50% moisture) and is equivalent to about 2.2 moles of
hydrogen chloride.
5.
The checkers found that the procedure of Helberger and Lantermann,
2 which avoids the use of an ion-exchange resin, is also satisfactory in case it is regarded as inconvenient to set up the resin column. According to this procedure, after completion of the reaction with
sodium sulfite, anhydrous
hydrogen chloride is passed into the hot solution to liberate
sulfur dioxide. After removal of sulfate as in the described procedure, the undiluted aqueous solution is saturated with
hydrogen chloride gas at a temperature below 25°. The precipitated
sodium chloride is removed by suction filtration, the filter cake is washed with two
50-ml. portions of 12N hydrochloric acid, and then the combined filtrate and washings are worked up as described for the cluent from the resin column.
6.
The checkers found that satisfactory results may also be obtained if the water is evaporated by heating the solution on a
steam bath as air is aspirated through it.
7.
At the bath temperature specified, and low pressure, dehydration and distillation occur; if a pressure of about 4 mm. is maintained, the vapor temperature is in the range 132–138°. The temperature of the bath should be raised slowly and with caution, or else the contents of the pot may froth through the column into the distillate. The receiver should be cooled in a
Dry Ice-acetone bath to prevent vapors from reaching the oil pump.
8.
Water is nearly insoluble in the sultone. The small amount of water and a very volatile impurity which are present in the crude sultone distil rapidly before the sultone is collected. An efficient cold
trap should be used to protect the pump from the volatile materials.
3. Discussion
4-Hydroxy-1-butanesulfonic acid sultone has been made through the chlorosulfonation of
1-chlorobutane,
3 from
4-chlorobutyl acetate2,4 which is prepared through the reaction of
tetrahydrofuran and
acetyl chloride,
2 from
4-chlorobutanol,
4 and from
bis-4-chlorobutyl ether.
2 4-Hydroxy-1-butanesulfonic acid sultone also has been obtained by treating
sodium 4-hydroxybutane-1-sulfonate with cation-exchange resins,
5 by heating
methoxybutanesulfonic acid under reduced pressure at 150–180°,
6 by concentrating an alcohol solution of
4-hydroxy-butanesulfonic acid under reduced pressure,
7 and by heating
4-chloro-butanesulfonic acid with
copper oxide and steam.
8
Both
4-chlorobutanol and
bis-4-chlorobutyl ether can be prepared from
tetrahydrofuran (
p. 266). The procedure described is based on the method of Helberger and Lantermann.
2
Appendix
Chemical Abstracts Nomenclature (Collective Index Number);
(Registry Number)
1-Butanesulfonic acid, 4-hydroxy-, δ-sultone
tetrahydroquinone
sulfuric acid (7664-93-9)
hydrogen chloride,
hydrochloric acid (7647-01-0)
ether (60-29-7)
sodium sulfite (7757-83-7)
acetyl chloride (75-36-5)
sodium chloride (7647-14-5)
sulfur dioxide (7446-09-5)
barium sulfate (7727-43-7)
1-chlorobutane (109-69-3)
copper oxide (1317-38-0)
barium chloride dihydrate (10326-27-9)
Tetrahydrofuran (109-99-9)
4-chlorobutanol (928-51-8)
4-Hydroxy-1-butanesulfonic acid sultone (1633-83-6)
4-hydroxy-butanesulfonic acid
bis-4-chlorobutyl ether (6334-96-9)
4-chlorobutyl acetate (6962-92-1)
sodium 4-hydroxybutane-1-sulfonate
methoxybutanesulfonic acid
4-chloro-butanesulfonic acid
Copyright © 1921-, Organic Syntheses, Inc. All Rights Reserved