Org. Synth. 1966, 46, 96
DOI: 10.15227/orgsyn.046.0096
2-PHENYL-3-n-PROPYLISOXAZOLIDINE-4,5-cis-DICARBOXYLIC ACID N-PHENYLIMIDE
Submitted by Ingrid Brüning, Rudolf Grashey, Hans Hauck, Rolf Huisgen, and Helmut Seidl
1.
Checked by Robert Eliason, Wayland E. Noland, and William E. Parham.
1. Procedure
N-Phenylhydroxylamine (11 g., 0.10 mole)2 (Note 1) and
N-phenylmaleimide (17.4 g., 0.10 mole)3 are suspended in
40 ml. of ethanol contained in a
200-ml. Erlenmeyer flask. To the mixture is added immediately
(Note 2) 8.98 g. (11.2 ml., 0.124 mole) of freshly distilled n-butyraldehyde. An exothermic reaction ensues, and the mixture spontaneously heats to the boiling point. A clear slightly yellow solution results which, upon cooling, deposits an almost colorless crystalline cake. The mixture is allowed to stand in the ice box for 1 day; it is then filtered through a
Büchner funnel, and the crystals are washed twice with
25-ml. portions of ice-cold ethanol. The yield of air-dried product, m.p.
99–101°, is
31–32 g. (
92–95%). For further purification the crude material is dissolved in
60 ml. of boiling ethanol on the
steam bath, and the resulting solution is allowed to cool slowly to room temperature. If crystallization does not spontaneously begin in 5–10 minutes, it can then be induced by seeding. After being kept for 5 hours in the refrigerator, the solution is filtered and the colorless crystals are washed twice with
20-ml. portions of cold ethanol. The dried product weighs
29–30 g. An additional recrystallization of the air-dried product from
60 ml. of ethanol gives
26–27 g. (
77–80%) of the pure isoxazolidine, m.p.
106.5–107.5°.
2. Notes
1.
The
phenylhydroxylamine should be free of
sodium chloride. This can be easily removed by dissolution of the substance in
benzene followed by filtration, and then addition of
petroleum ether to precipitate the pure compound.
2.
The checkers observed, in two runs, that when
n-butyraldehyde is added after 10–15 minutes, the reaction is only mildly exothermic, and the white precipitate that forms does not dissolve. The infrared spectrum of the white crystalline product (
19–20 g., m.p.
181–184° dec.) suggests that it may be the adduct of
phenylhydroxylamine and
N-phenylmaleimide formed by addition of the N-H bond of the amine to the olefinic bond of the imide; however, the structure of the product was not further examined.
3. Discussion
The preparation of
2-phenyl-3-n-propylisoxazolidine-4,5-cis-dicarboxylic acid N-phenylimide from
n-butyraldehyde,
N-phenylhydroxylamine, and
N-phenylmaleimide is new and is described by Hauck.
4 The intermediate,
C-(n-propyl)-N-phenylnitrone, is an unstable compound and is difficult to purify. The procedure described avoids the isolation of the nitrone by adding it
in situ to a suitable dipolarophile.
4. Merits of the Preparation
The present procedure serves as a model for the generation and use in situ of unstable nitrones in 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions.
Appendix
Chemical Abstracts Nomenclature (Collective Index Number);
(Registry Number)
petroleum ether
2-PHENYL-3-n-PROPYLISOXAZOLIDINE-4,5-cis-DICARBOXYLIC ACID N-PHENYLIMIDE
ethanol (64-17-5)
Benzene (71-43-2)
sodium chloride (7647-14-5)
n-butyraldehyde (123-72-8)
Phenylhydroxylamine,
N-Phenylhydroxylamine (100-65-2)
N-Phenylmaleimide (941-69-5)
C-(n-propyl)-N-phenylnitrone
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