Org. Synth. 1966, 46, 127
DOI: 10.15227/orgsyn.046.0127
2,3,5-TRIPHENYLISOXAZOLIDINE
[Isoxazolidine, 2,3,5-triphenyl-]
Submitted by Ingrid Brüning, Rudolf Grashey, Hans Hauck, Rolf Huisgen, and Helmut Seidl
1.
Checked by George E. Davis, Wayland E. Noland, and William E. Parham.
1. Procedure
A.
N,α-Diphenylnitrone. A solution of
27.3 g. (0.25 mole) of pure N-phenylhydroxylamine2 (Note 1) in
50 ml. of ethanol is prepared in a
200-ml. Erlenmeyer flask by swirling a mixture of the two and warming it briefly to 40–60°
(Note 2). To the clear, lightly colored solution is added
26.5 g. (25.3 ml., 0.25 mole) of freshly distilled benzaldehyde (exothermic reaction). The flask is stoppered and kept overnight at room temperature in the dark. The colorless needles of
N,α-diphenylnitrone are collected on a
Büchner funnel and washed once with
20 ml. of ethanol. There is obtained
42–43 g. (
85–87%) of product (m.p.
111–113°), which can be further purified by dissolving the crude material in
80 ml. of ethanol and allowing the solution to cool for several hours in the
ice box. In this manner there is produced
35–39 g. (
71–79%) of pure crystalline nitrone, m.p.
113–114° (Note 3).
B. 2,3,5-Triphenylisoxazolidine. In a 100-ml. two-necked flask provided with a reflux condenser and a gas-inlet tube are placed 20.0 g. (0.101 mole) of pure N,α-diphenylnitrone and 50 ml. (0.43 mole) of freshly distilled styrene (Note 4). The flask is heated at 60° for 40 hours a slow nitrogen stream. The mixture is then cooled, and most of the excess styrene is removed (Note 5) from the clear orange solution by heating at a bath temperature of 55° (12 mm.). The warm residue is poured into 40 ml. of petroleum ether (40–60°), whereupon the isoxazolidine crystallizes immediately (Note 6). The flask is rinsed twice with 20-ml. portions of petroleum ether, and the washings are combined with the product. The resulting mixture is cooled for 1 hour in the ice box, and the lightly colored crystals are collected on a Büchner funnel and washed with two 20-ml. portions of petroleum ether. The yield of crude air-dried isoxazolidine (m.p. 96–98°) is 28–30 g. (92–99%).
For further purification the product is dissolved in 40 ml. of methylene chloride in a 250-ml. Erlenmeyer flask. The solution is heated to boiling, and 30 ml. of methanol is added (Note 7). When the solution has cooled to room temperature, 70 ml. of methanol is added to complete the crystallization, and the solution is kept in the ice box for 3 hours. The colorless needles are collected by vacuum filtration and washed with two 30-ml. portions of cold methanol. There is obtained 23–25 g. (76–82%) of product which melts at 99–100° (Note 8),(Note 9),(Note 10).
2. Notes
1.
The
N-phenylhydroxylamine should be free of
sodium chloride. This is easily attained by dissolution of the compound in
benzene followed by filtration and then addition of
petroleum ether to cause rapid crystallization.
2.
On prolonged heating,
N-phenylhydroxylamine begins to decompose.
3.
The compound is light-sensitive and should be kept in a
brown container.
4.
The
styrene should be redistilled and stabilized with
0.1% hydroquinone just prior to use; otherwise the final product will be contaminated with
polystyrene. The checkers used approximately
60 ml. (0.52 mole) of styrene.
5.
The checkers found that, if all the
styrene is removed, the product may become too viscous to pour.
6.
By this method the formation of a thick crustaceous material, which is difficult to pulverize or wash, is avoided.
7.
In this way the boiling solution is kept clear.
8.
From the mother liquor a second diastereoisomer can be isolated (m.p.
78.5–79.5°) in about
10% yield by fractional crystallization.
9.
In an analogous manner several other isoxazolidines can be prepared. From the reaction of
N,α-diphenylnitrone with
1,1-diphenylethylene,
2,3,5,5-tetraphenylisoxazolidine is obtained. As above,
10.0 g. (50.7 mmoles) of diphenylnitrone is heated under a
nitrogen atmosphere for 24 hours at 85° with
15.3 g. (15.0 ml., 85.0 mmole) of 1,1-diphenylethylene.
3 The excess olefin is removed at 105–130° (bath temperature) under high vacuum (0.005 mm.). The yellow-gold viscous residue is dissolved by warming it in a mixture of
15 ml. of methylene chloride and
30 ml. of methanol; on cooling, crystallization commences. After 2 hours another
10 ml. of methanol is added, and the mixture is cooled overnight in the ice box. The colorless crystals are collected on a Büchner funnel and washed twice with
20-ml. portions of methanol. The yield of air-dried product (m.p.
113–115°) is
14–16 g. (
73–84%). The compound can be further purified by adding
methanol (30 ml.) to a boiling solution in
methylene chloride (15 ml.). After the solution has cooled to room temperature, another
10 ml. of methanol is added; the mixture is kept in the ice box for several hours and then filtered. The pure compound melts at
115–116°, yield
13–15 g. (
68–79%).
10.
The preparation of the oily
ethyl 2,3-diphenyl-5-methylisoxazolidine-4-carboxylate provides another example of this reaction. As in the procedure described with
styrene,
10.0 g. (50.7 mmoles) of N,α-diphenylnitrone is heated under
nitrogen for 24 hours at 90–100° with
35.0 g. (38.0 ml., 307 mmoles) of ethyl crotonate. The excess olefin, b.p.
45° (12 mm.) is removed on the
water pump, and the red-orange residue, while still warm, is transferred to a
50-ml. Claisen flask using
acetone as a rinse. After removal of the solvent,
13–14 g. (
82–88%) of the isoxazolidine is obtained as an orange oil by high-vacuum distillation at 163–173° (0.003 mm.). Redistillation of this material yields
2–3 g. of fore-run and a purer product obtained as a yellow oil, b.p.
165–170° (0.003 mm.),
n20D 1.5602–1.5612.
3. Discussion
N,α-Diphenylnitrone was first obtained by Bamberger
4 from
N-phenylhydroxylamine and
benzaldehyde. The procedure described above is analogous to that of Wheeler and Gore.
5
2,3,5-Triphenylisoxazolidine,
2,3,5,5-tetraphenylisoxazolidine, and
ethyl 2,3-diphenyl-5-methylisoxazolidine-4-carboxylate have been prepared only by this method.
6
4. Merits of the Preparation
The procedure described illustrates the use of 1,3-dipolar addition
7 of nitrones to olefins for the preparation of isoxazolidines. The preparations of
2,3,5,5-tetraphenylisoxazolidine and
ethyl 2,3-diphenyl-5-methylisoxazolidine-4-carboxylate, as described in
(Note 9) and
(Note 10), respectively, indicate the versatility of the method.
Appendix
Chemical Abstracts Nomenclature (Collective Index Number);
(Registry Number)
petroleum ether
polystyrene
ethanol (64-17-5)
Benzene (71-43-2)
methanol (67-56-1)
hydroquinone (123-31-9)
sodium chloride (7647-14-5)
nitrogen (7727-37-9)
benzaldehyde (100-52-7)
acetone (67-64-1)
N-Phenylhydroxylamine (100-65-2)
1,1-Diphenylethylene (530-48-3)
methylene chloride (75-09-2)
styrene (100-42-5)
ethyl crotonate (623-70-1)
2,3,5-Triphenylisoxazolidine,
Isoxazolidine, 2,3,5-triphenyl- (13787-96-7)
N,α-Diphenylnitrone (1137-96-8)
2,3,5,5-tetraphenylisoxazolidine (25116-92-1)
diphenylnitrone (59862-61-2)
ethyl 2,3-diphenyl-5-methylisoxazolidine-4-carboxylate (19744-10-6)
Copyright © 1921-, Organic Syntheses, Inc. All Rights Reserved