Org. Synth. 1977, 56, 99
DOI: 10.15227/orgsyn.056.0099
POLYMERIC CARBODIIMIDE. MOFFAT OXIDATION: 4-tert-BUTYLCYCLOHEXANONE
[Cyclohexanone, 4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-]
Submitted by Ned M. Weinshenker
1, Chah M. Shen, and Jack Y. Wong.
Checked by A. Fukuzawa and S. Masamune.
1. Procedure
Caution! Benzene has been identified as a carcinogen; OSHA has issued emergency standards on its use. All procedures involving benzene should be carried out in a well-ventilated hood, and glove protection is required
A 250-ml., three-necked, round-bottomed flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, a gas-inlet, and a stopper is charged with 540 mg. (0.00346 mole) of a mixture of cis- and trans-4-tert-butylcyclohexanols (Note 1), 50 ml. of anhydrous benzene (Note 2), and 25 ml. of anhydrous dimethyl sulfoxide (Note 3). While a slight positive pressure of argon is maintained in the system, 13.19 g. of carbodiimide resin (Note 4) is added, followed by 0.2 ml. of dimethyl sulfoxide (Note 3) containing 98 mg. (0.0010 mole) of anhydrous orthophosphoric acid (Note 5). The resulting mixture is stirred at room temperature for 3.5 days. The beads are then separated by filtration and washed with three 100-ml. portions of diethyl ether, and the combined filtrates are washed with five 100-ml. portions of water. After evaporation of the organic phase to dryness, the residue crystallizes, providing 446–450 mg. (83–84%) of crude 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone, m.p. 42–45° (Note 6). The deactivated carbodiimide resin can be regenerated by treatment with triethylamine and 4-toluenesulfonyl chloride (Note 4).
2. Notes
1.
This mixture is available from Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc. The checkers used a 7:93 mixture of the
cis- and
trans-isomers, prepared by
lithium aluminum hydride reduction of
4-tert-butylcyclohexanone and recrystallization of the crude product. The
ketone was purchased from Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc.2.
Benzene was dried by distillation from
sodium.
3.
The submitters dried
dimethyl sulfoxide over Linde-type 3A molecular sieves. The checkers distilled this reagent from
calcium hydride at 10 mm. prior to use.
4.
The amount of resin used contains about
0.012 mole of active carbodiimide. Methods for preparing this reagent, determining its
carbodiimide content, and regenerating spent resin are described in
Org. Synth., Coll. Vol. 6, 951 (1988).
5.
Anhydrous
orthophosphoric acid was prepared according to the equation:
P
2O
5 + 3H
2O → 2H
3PO
4The submitters added 5.88 ml. of 85% phosphoric acid to 3.98 g. of phosphorous pentoxide and heated the mixture for 15 minutes or until all of the solid had dissolved. The checkers placed 71.0 g. of phosphorous pentoxide in a flask, cooled it in ice, and cautiously added 27 ml. of water.
6.
IR(CHCl
3) cm.
−1: 1712 (C=O). GC analysis (10% Carbowax 20M, 3 mm. by 1.8 m., 180°) showed the crude product to be 97% pure.
4-tert-Butylcyclohexanone has been reported to melt at
49.5–51°.
2
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The paragraphs above were added in September, 2014. The statements above do not supersede any specific hazard caution notes and safety instructions included in the procedure.
3. Discussion
The general procedure described here was originally published by the submitters.
3 Both ketones and aldehydes may be prepared, and this method is particularly effective when the mild conditions of the Moffat oxidation are required, but the
dicyclohexylurea by-product formed with the usual reagents causes purification problems.
This preparation is referenced from:
Appendix
Chemical Abstracts Nomenclature (Collective Index Number);
(Registry Number)
phosphorous pentoxide
cis- and trans-4-tert-butylcyclohexanols
Benzene (71-43-2)
diethyl ether (60-29-7)
sodium (13966-32-0)
phosphoric acid,
orthophosphoric acid (7664-38-2)
lithium aluminum hydride (16853-85-3)
dimethyl sulfoxide (67-68-5)
triethylamine (121-44-8)
argon (7440-37-1)
calcium hydride (7789-78-8)
dicyclohexylurea (2387-23-7)
carbodiimide
Cyclohexanone, 4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-,
4-tert-Butylcyclohexanone (98-53-3)
4-toluenesulfonyl chloride (98-59-9)
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