Org. Synth. 1997, 74, 257
DOI: 10.15227/orgsyn.074.0257
3-MORPHOLINO-2-PHENYLTHIOACRYLIC ACID MORPHOLIDE AND 5-(4-BROMOBENZOYL-2-(4-MORPHOLINO)-3-PHENYLTHIOPHENE
[(Morpholine, 4-[3-(4-morpholinyl)-2-phenyl-1-thioxo-2-propenyl]-,) and (Thiophene, 5-(4-bromobenzoyl)-2-(4-morpholino)-3-phenyl-)]
Submitted by Andreas Rolfs and Jürgen Liebscher
1.
Checked by Andrew B. Benowitz and Amos B. Smith, III.
1. Procedure
Caution! Part A should be carried out in an efficient hood to avoid exposure to noxious vapors (hydrogen sulfide).
A. Phenylthioacetic acid morpholide. A 100-mL, round-bottomed flask is charged with 24.0 g (0.2 mol) of acetophenone, 1 g of p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate, 36.0 g (0.41 mol) of morpholine, and 6.4 g (0.2 mol) of sulfur (Note 1). The flask is equipped with a reflux condenser and is heated at reflux for 3 hr (Note 2). The resulting reddish-brown solution is poured into 100 mL of stirred hot methanol (55–60°C). The wall of the beaker is scratched with a glass rod for seeding. The beaker is sealed with aluminum foil and put into a refrigerator for 6 hr (Note 3). The resulting crystalline product is filtered and washed twice with ice-cold methanol (10 mL). The material (22.2 g, mp 69–79°C, almost colorless) is recrystallized by adding 25 mL of methanol and 25 mL of water and heating at reflux, followed by slow addition of methanol (about 58 mL) until complete solution is obtained. After the sides of the flask are scratched, the solution is cooled in a refrigerator for about 10 hr; 21.9 g (49.5%) (Note 4) of the pure product is obtained, mp 77.5–79°C.
B. 3-Morpholino-2-phenylthioacrylic acid morpholide. A distillation apparatus (250-mL, round-bottomed flask, distillation head, thermometer, condenser and receiver) equipped with a magnetic stirrer is charged with 22.3 g (0.1 mol) of phenylthioacetic acid morpholide, 26.1 g (0.3 mol) of morpholine and 67 mL (0.4 mol) of triethyl orthoformate (Note 5). The flask is heated in a heating bath (bath temperature ~ 160°C) for 8 hr. During this time, ethanol is distilled continuously from the reaction (about 18 mL). Further raising the temperature of the bath to 180°C gives rise to the distillation of excess morpholine and triethyl orthoformate (38 mL, bp 128–130°C) from the orange solution within 30 min (Note 6). The mixture is evaporated under reduced pressure (rotary evaporator, bath temperature ~ 80°C). The remaining crystalline material is dissolved in 30 mL of chloroform and 150 mL of hot methanol (about 60°C). The solution is allowed to cool to room temperature (Note 7) and is put into a freezer (−24°C) for 12 hr. The light yellow product is filtered and washed with methanol (30 mL) followed by diethyl ether (30 mL). After drying in the open air for 18 hr, 29.4 g (92%) (Note 8) of pure material is obtained, mp 156–156.5°C (Note 9).
C.
5-(4-Bromobenzoyl)-2-morpholino-3-phenylthiophene. A mixture of
3.18 g (0.01 mol) of 3-morpholino-2-phenylthioacrylic acid morpholide,
2.8 g (0.01 mol) of 4-bromophenacyl bromide, and
50 mL of methanol is heated to boiling. After the addition of a solution of
1.01 g (0.01 mol) of triethylamine in 10 mL of methanol to the mixture, the reaction is allowed to heat at reflux for 10 min. The reaction mixture is then cooled to 0°C in a refrigerator for 1 hr. The yellow crystalline product is collected by filtration and washed with
20 mL of cold methanol. After drying in the open air for 18 hr,
4.15 g (
97%) of analytically pure product is obtained, mp
176–177°C (mp
2 175°C)
(Note 10). Although not necessary, the material can be recrystallized from
acetonitrile.
2. Notes
1.
All chemicals were obtained from the Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc. It is advisable to distill
acetophenone and
morpholine. The
sulfur should be small particles and must not form lumps. Excess
morpholine is generally recommended in Willgerodt-Kindler reactions.
2.
The reflux condenser should be connected by a
gas outlet and tubing directly to the hood pipe to prevent
hydrogen sulfide from entering the laboratory atmosphere.
3.
If crystallization fails, a small amount of the solution is evaporated, cooled in an
ice/sodium chloride bath, and scratched with a glass rod. The resulting crystals are used to seed the main solution.
4.
a) The reported yield
3 of
94% could not be achieved. The amount of
sulfur can be increased to 12.4 g (0.2 mol) giving a higher yield of
phenylthioacetic acid morpholide that contains some unreacted
sulfur and a yellow impurity (
2-morpholin-4-yl-1-phenyl-2-thioxoethanone) that is difficult to remove. b) Spectral data:
1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl
3) δ: 3.37 (m, 2 H), 3.61 (m, 2 H), 3.72 (m, 2 H), 4.34 (s, 2 H), 4.34 (m, 2 H), 7.23 (m, 1 H), 7.31 (m, 4 H);
13C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl
3) δ: 50.06, 50.50, 50.70, 65.99, 66.21, 127.01, 127.01, 127.66, 128.84, 135.70, 199.91.
5.
Triethyl orthoformate was distilled.
Trimethyl orthoformate can not be used since no reaction occurs. Excess
morpholine and
triethyl orthoformate are used as solvents to achieve smooth solution. The amounts of both of these reagents can be increased without affecting the yield.
6.
TLC of the remaining solution (0.25-mm Whatman precoated silica gel plate, 3
3% ethyl acetate in hexanes) does not show any starting
phenylthioacetic acid morpholide.
7.
Crystallization of the pure product begins after slight cooling.
8.
Additional product can be obtained by evaporating the combined mother liquor, adding
25 mL of methanol to the remaining oil, and cooling the resulting solution to −24°C.
9.
The product consists of a mixture of E/Z isomers
4 in an approximate ratio of 15:85; R
f = 0.35 and 0.25 (0.25-mm Whatman precoated silica gel plate,
33% ethyl acetate in hexanes). Anal. Calcd for C
17H
22N
2O
2S: C, 64.12; H, 6.96; N, 8.80; S, 10.07, Found: C, 64.38; H, 6.99; N, 8.80; S, 10.18. IR (KBr) cm
−1: 1611, 1586, 1440, 1429, 1413, 1236, 1226, 1116; Z-isomer (major isomer);
13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl
3) δ: 124.8, 128.5 (C2',C3'-C
6H
5), 125.3 (C4'-C
6H
5), 139.3 (C1'-C
6H
5), 112.6 (C2), 137.5 (C3), 198.9 (C1);
1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl
3) δ: 6.07 (s, HC=C); E-isomer (minor isomer);
13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl
3) δ: 126.4 (C4'-C
6H
5), 128.1, 129.9 (C2',C3'-C
6H
5), 138.3 (C1'-C
6H
5), 115.2 (C2), 147.4 (C3), 203.3 (C1).
10.
The spectral data for the title compound are as follows:
1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl
3) δ: 3.05 (m, 4 H), 3.71 (m, 4 H), 7.21 (dddd, 1 H), 7.35 (m, 2 H), 7.46 (s, 1 H), 7.50–7.53 (m, 2 H), 7.57 (ddd, 2 H), 7.65 (ddd, 2 H);
13C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl
3) δ: 51.79, 66.11, 126.21, 126.28, 127.29, 127.67, 128.13, 130.08, 130.31, 131.57, 135.51, 137.12, 138.64, 162.80, 185.84.
Handling and Disposal of Hazardous Chemicals
The procedures in this article are intended for use only by persons with prior training in experimental organic chemistry. All hazardous materials should be handled using the standard procedures for work with chemicals described in references such as "Prudent Practices in the Laboratory" (The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C., 2011 www.nap.edu). All chemical waste should be disposed of in accordance with local regulations. For general guidelines for the management of chemical waste, see Chapter 8 of Prudent Practices.
These procedures must be conducted at one's own risk. Organic Syntheses, Inc., its Editors, and its Board of Directors do not warrant or guarantee the safety of individuals using these procedures and hereby disclaim any liability for any injuries or damages claimed to have resulted from or related in any way to the procedures herein.
3. Discussion
3-Aminothioacrylic acid amides are versatile β-dicarbonyl derivatives that have found widespread use as C-C-C and C-C-C-S building blocks in the synthesis of heterocyclic and open chain products.
5,6 To date, 2-arylthioacrylmorpholides with mainly a 3-dimethylamino leaving group have been prepared by the Vilsmeier-Haack reaction of arylthioacetic acid amides with
DMF/POCl3.
7,8 This synthesis is not convenient since the resulting 3-dimethylaminothioacrylic acid morpholides must be isolated as hydroperchlorates, the yields are occasionally low, and in a number of cases (especially if other amino groups beside the morpholino or dimethylamino are found in the products, or if the aryl group is ortho-substituted) no stable crystalline material is obtained. With the present procedure,
9 a very reliable synthesis of 3-morpholinothioacrylic acid amides with a wide variety of 2-aryl substituents has been elaborated. Instead of
triethyl orthoformate/
morpholine, the non-commercially available
trismorpholinomethane10 can be used,
9 also enabling the synthesis of the 2-unsubstituted 3-morpholinothioacrylic acid morpholide. In addition to the well known Willgerodt-Kindler reaction,
11 the starting thioacetamides can also be obtained by other methods such as reaction of styrenes with
sulfur and amines,
12 and the reaction of arylthioacetic acid thiol ester with amines.
13 Furthermore the thioamide amino group of the synthesized 3-morpholinothioacrylic acid amides can also be monosubstituted. Through the use of
pyrrolidine, 3-pyrrolidinothioacrylic acid amides can be obtained. Generally the procedure is very simple and safe. Scale-up can be effected without incident and very pure products are obtained. Since the 3-morpholino substituent usually acts as a leaving group in further synthetic applications, the same reactivity is found as in the well investigated 2-aryl-3-dimethylaminothioacrylic acid morpholides.
The mechanism of the formation of 3-aminothioacrylic amides from arylthioacetic acid amides and ortho ester amine is likely to resemble similar aminomethinylation reactions of other CH-acidic substrates.
14
Appendix
Chemical Abstracts Nomenclature (Collective Index Number);
(Registry Number)
hexanes
POCl3
3-Morpholino-2-phenylthioacrylic acid morpholide
3-MORPHOLINO-2-PHENYLTHIOACRYLIC ACID MORPHOLIDE AND 5-(4-BROMOBENZOYL-2-(4-MORPHOLINO)-3-PHENYLTHIOPHENE
(Morpholine, 4-[3-(4-morpholinyl)-2-phenyl-1-thioxo-2-propenyl]-
Thiophene, 5-(4-bromobenzoyl)-2-(4-morpholino)-3-phenyl-)
ethanol (64-17-5)
ethyl acetate (141-78-6)
methanol (67-56-1)
diethyl ether (60-29-7)
acetonitrile (75-05-8)
chloroform (67-66-3)
hydrogen sulfide (7783-06-4)
sulfur (7704-34-9)
Acetophenone (98-86-2)
triethyl orthoformate (122-51-0)
DMF (68-12-2)
pyrrolidine (123-75-1)
morpholine (110-91-8)
triethylamine (121-44-8)
trimethyl orthoformate (149-73-5)
5-(4-Bromobenzoyl)-2-morpholino-3-phenylthiophene (86673-62-3)
Phenylthioacetic acid morpholide (949-01-9)
4-bromophenacyl bromide (99-73-0)
2-morpholin-4-yl-1-phenyl-2-thioxoethanone
trismorpholinomethane
p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (6192-52-5)
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