Org. Synth. 2002, 78, 160
DOI: 10.15227/orgsyn.078.0160
[4+2] CYCLOADDITION OF 1-DIMETHYLAMINO-3-tert-BUTYLDIMETHYLSILOXY-1,3-BUTADIENE
WITH METHYL ACRYLATE: 4-HYDROXYMETHYL-2-CYCLOHEXEN-1-ONE
[
2-Cyclohexen-1-one, 4-(hydroxymethyl)-
]
Submitted by Sergey A. Kozmin, Shuwen He, and Viresh H. Rawal
1
.
Checked by Ruth Figueroa and David J. Hart.
1. Procedure
A.
4-Carbomethoxy-3-dimethylamino-1-tert-butyldimethylsiloxy-1-cyclohexene
, 2. A dry,
250-mL, round-bottomed flask is charged with
1-dimethylamino-3-tert-butyldimethylsiloxy-1,3-butadiene
(16.6 g, 0.073
mol) and anhydrous ether (30 mL)
(Note 1).
Methyl acrylate
(13.5 mL, 0.15 mol)
(Note 2)is
added in one portion and the resulting light yellow solution is allowed to stand for
20 hr at room temperature. The solution is concentrated on a rotary evaporator,
and the residual
methyl acrylate
is removed under high vacuum to afford 22.4
g (98%) of the desired
cycloadduct 2, in good purity, as a pale-yellow oil (Note 3).
B.
4-Hydroxymethyl-3-dimethylamino-1-tert-butyldimethylsiloxy-1-cyclohexene
,
3. A dry, 500-mL, three-necked, round-bottomed flask
is equipped with a 150-mL pressure-equalizing addition funnel,
a reflux condenser topped with an inert atmosphere line, a
glass stopper, and an egg-shaped magnetic stirring
bar. The flask is charged with
lithium
aluminum hydride (2.66 g, 0.070 mol)
and anhydrous ether (50 mL)
(Note 1). The flask is cooled to 5°C in an ice-water bath.
A solution of cycloadduct 2 (22.4 g,
0.072 mol) in ether (80
mL) is transferred to the addition funnel and added over a 30-min
period. The reaction mixture is stirred for another 15 min, diluted with ether (100 mL), and quenched by dropwise
addition of water (9 mL). The ice-water bath is removed, the
resulting gray suspension is allowed to reach room temperature, and the mixture is
stirred vigorously for an additional 60 min. The mixture is transferred to a 1.0-L
Erlenmeyer flask and diluted with
350
mL of ether. Anhydrous sodium
sulfate (Na2SO4) (60 g) is
added, the suspension is stirred for 30 min, and filtered. The filter cake is washed
twice with ether (50 mL each time).
The solvent is removed on a rotary evaporator and the remaining
volatile material is removed under high vacuum to afford 18.6 g (91%)
of the desired amino alcohol 3 as a viscous clear oil (Note 4).
C.
4-Hydroxymethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one
,
4. (
Caution: Hydrofluoric acid (HF) is extremely
toxic!) A 500-mL, round-bottomed flask equipped
with a magnetic stirring bar is charged with amino
alcohol 3 (16.0 g, 0.056 mol) and
tetrahydrofuran (THF) (300 mL).
The flask is cooled to 5°C in an ice-water bath. A 4.0 M solution of HF in THF (32
mL, 0.128 mol)
(Note 5) is
added over 15 min to the cold solution of the amino alcohol. The reaction mixture
is stirred at room temperature for 20 hr. THF is removed on a rotary evaporator,
maintaining the bath temperature below 40°C.
Ethyl
acetate (250 mL) is added, and the organic
layer is washed with 1.2 M aqueous hydrochloric
acid (HCl) solution (40 mL). The aqueous layer
is reextracted with
ethyl acetate (5
× 100 mL each). Solid sodium
bicarbonate (NaHCO3) (15 g) is added
to the combined organic layers, followed by stirring for 1 hr and subsequent addition
of anhydrous magnesium sulfate (MgSO4).
The solution is filtered and solvent is removed on a rotary evaporator
to afford the crude enone, which is further purified by bulb-to-bulb distillation
(0.2 mm, oven temperature 140-180°C, Note 6)
to give 5.90 g (84%) of
4-hydroxymethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one
(Note 7) as a viscous pale-yellow oil.
2. Notes
1.
Anhydrous ether was purchased from Fisher
Scientific Company
and was not further purified.
2.
Methyl acrylate
was purchased from Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc.
,
and used without further purification.
3.
The cycloadduct consists of a 1.5:1.0 mixture of trans- and cis-diastereomers:
1H NMR of cis-diastereomer
(300 MHz, CDCl
3) δ: 0.16 (s, 6 H), 0.93 (s, 9
H), 1.83 (m, 1 H), 2.0-2.2 (m, 3 H), 2.27 (s,
6 H), 2.62 (m, 1 H), 3.56 (dd, 1 H, J = 5.0, 5.0),
3.70 (s, 3 H), 4.95 (d, 1 H, J = 5.0)
;
13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl
3)
δ: −4.4, 18.0, 20.9, 25.6,
28.9, 43.5, 44.8, 51.3, 59.2
100.7, 153.7, 174.6
;
1H NMR of trans-diastereomer (300 MHz, CDCl
3)
δ: 0.14 (s, 3 H), 0.15 (s, 3 H), 0.92 (s, 9
H), 1.7-2.0 (m, 2 H), 2.0-2.2 (m, 2 H), 2.24
(s, 6 H), 2.52 (ddd, 1 H, J = 12.7, 9.2, 3.8), 3.66 (m,
1 H), 3.70 (s, 3 H), 4.84 (dd, 1 H, J = 2.0, 1.8)
;
13C NMR (75 MHz,
CDCl
3) δ: −4.5, −4.3, 18.0,
25.5, 25.6, 29.0, 40.6, 42.3,
51.7, 61.9, 102.6, 152.4, 176.0
.
4.
This material is a mixture of diastereomers. Selected peaks from
each diastereomer follow:
1H
NMR of major diastereomer (400 MHz, C
6D
6) δ: 0.98
(s, 9 H, CMe
3), 1.99 (s, 6 H, NMe
2), 4.81
(broad s, 1 H, =CH)
;
13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl
3) δ: −4.4,
18.0, 20.9, 25.6, 28.9, 43.5,
44.8, 51.3, 59.2, 100.7, 153.7,
174.6
;
1H
NMR of minor diastereomer (400 MHz, CDCl
3) δ: 1.01 (s, 9 H,
CMe
3), 2.05 (s, 6 H, NMe
2), 4.99 (d,
1 H, J = 4, =CH)
;
13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl
3) δ: −4.0,
−3.8, 18.5, 25.2, 30.1,
39.5, 44.4, 62.0, 44.2, 100.4,
155.0 (one peak not observed).
5.
A
4.0 M solution of HF in
THF was prepared in a
50-mL plastic bottle by the addition
of
4.1 mL of the 49%
aqueous HF solution (using a
disposable plastic syringe)
to
THF (28 mL).
6.
In order to minimize bumping, a
250-mL, round-bottomed
flask was used for the distillation.
7.
The checkers obtained
5.72
g (
81%) of the enone.
This compound displays the following spectral data: IR
(neat) cm
−1: 3420, 1675
;
1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl
3)δ:
1.60 (m, 1 H, OH), 1.82 (dddd, 1 H, J = 12.6, 12.6, 9.8, 5.0),
2.14 (dddd, 1 H, J = 12.6, 9.7, 5.0, 1.3), 2.42 (ddd, 1 H, J =
16.8, 12.6, 5.0), 2.56 (ddd, 1 H, J = 16.8, 5.0, 5.0), 2.65
(m, 1 H), 3.71 (m, 2 H), 6.08 (dd, 1 H, J = 10.0, 2.2),
6.96 (ddd, 1 H, J = 10.0, 2.7, 1.3)
;
13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl
3)δ:
25.3, 36.6, 38.9, 65.1, 130.2,
151.5, 199.9
; mass
spectrum (EI) 126
(C
7H
10O
2);
96 (base).
Handling and Disposal of Hazardous Chemicals
The procedures in this article are intended for use only by persons with prior training in experimental organic chemistry. All hazardous materials should be handled using the standard procedures for work with chemicals described in references such as "Prudent Practices in the Laboratory" (The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C., 2011 www.nap.edu). All chemical waste should be disposed of in accordance with local regulations. For general guidelines for the management of chemical waste, see Chapter 8 of Prudent Practices.
These procedures must be conducted at one's own risk. Organic Syntheses, Inc., its Editors, and its Board of Directors do not warrant or guarantee the safety of individuals using these procedures and hereby disclaim any liability for any injuries or damages claimed to have resulted from or related in any way to the procedures herein.
3. Discussion
Aminosiloxy dienes have been found to exhibit unusually high reactivity in Diels-Alder
reactions with a wide range
of electron-deficient dienophiles.
2,3
4
5 Determination of
the second order rate constants with
methacrolein
showed the parent aminosiloxy diene to be about 10
3 more reactive than
the analogous 1-alkoxy-3-siloxy diene.
4 The reactions
of aminosiloxy dienes with various dienophiles occur under mild conditions and afford
the corresponding cycloadducts in high yields and with complete regioselectivity.
An extensive study on the preparation and cycloadditions of amino siloxy dienes has
been carried out.
3
The three-step procedure above illustrates the usefulness of a
1-amino-3-siloxy
diene
for the synthesis of functionalized cyclohexenones and
is representative of the general usefulness of the dienes. The first step in the sequence,
the Diels-Alder reaction between the parent aminosiloxy diene and
methyl
acrylate
, cleanly produces the cycloadduct, as a mixture of endo and exo diastereomers.
This diene also reacts with many other dienophiles and the results are summarized
in Table I.
3 The cycloadducts are generally obtained as mixtures of endo-exo
diastereomers, except for the reactions with
N-phenylmaleimide
and
methacrolein
, which proceed
with high endo selectivity, and with
dimethyl maleate
,
which gives predominantly the exo adduct.
The products of the Diels-Alder reactions of aminosiloxy dienes are versatile synthetic
intermediates, as they can be subjected to reduction, Wittig olefination, or deprotonation
without any hydrolysis or elimination.
2,3 On the other hand, it is possible under acidic conditions both
to hydrolyze the silyl enol ether and β-eliminate the amino group to afford the
corresponding enones.
The usefulness of aminosiloxy diene Diels-Alder chemistry to the preparation of
different substituted cyclohexenones is demonstrated in Table II.
3
The functionality at the 4 and 5-positions of the cyclohexenones can be easily controlled
by the substitution pattern in the dienophile. The differing endo-exo selectivity
found in the initial cycloadducts does not impact the usefulness of this route to
cyclohexenones, since the amino group is eliminated in the last step. Chiral versions
of aminosiloxy dienes provide the opportunity for asymmetric synthesis. Indeed, the
diphenylpyrrolidine-substituted diene allows the synthesis of a variety of cyclohexenones, with good to
excellent ee's.
2b The usefulness of aminosiloxy
diene Diels-Alder reactions to natural product synthesis is exemplified through the
stereocontrolled synthesis of the pentacyclic indole alkaloid tabersonine.
2c
Table I
Table II
Appendix
Chemical Abstracts Nomenclature (Collective Index Number);
(Registry Number)
(E)-1-Dimethylamino-3-tert-butyldimethylsiloxy-1,3-butadiene:
1,3-Butadien-1-amine, 3-[[(1,1-dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl]oxy]-N,N-dimethyl-,
(E)- (14); (194233-66-4)
Methyl acrylate:
Acrylic acid, methyl ester
(8);
2-Propenoic acid, methyl ester (9); (96-33-3)
4-Hydroxymethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one:
2-Cyclohexen-1-one,
4-(hydroxymethyl)-, (14); (224578-91-0)
4-Carbomethoxy-3-dimethylamino-1-tert-butyldimethylsiloxy-1-cyclohexene:
3-Cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid, 2-(dimethylamino)-4-[[(1,1-dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl]oxy]-,
methyl ester, (14); cis- (194233-86-8); trans- (194233-84-6)
Lithium aluminum hydride:
Aluminate(1-),
tetrahydro-, lithium (8);
Aluminate(1-), tetrahydro-, lithium
(T-4)- (9); (16853-85-3)
Hydrofluoric acid: CORROSIVE: (8,9); (7664-39-3)
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